The rock contains bands of melted rock that seeps into fractures. Wellman became a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1954, and was awarded the Hector Memorial Medal and Prize in 1957 and the McKay Hammer Award in 1959. In earthquake terms, the 850 kilometres (530 mi) long fault is remarkably consistent, rupturing on average every 330 years, at intervals ranging from 140 years to 510 years. It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island (c. 480 km) and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a shallow magnitude 6.0 Mw earthquake that occurred on 13 June 2011 at 14:20 NZST. Whole forests that have grown back after an earthquake can be dated, too. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. This PDF provides a summary from the West Coast Reginal Council on Alpine Fault research past and present, including details of Mark Yetton’s methods. This fault has ruptured four times in the past 900 years, each time producing an earthquake of about magnitude 8. But this should not lead one to overlook the fact that the Alpine Fault, so recognised, may occur in a wide zone of intense faulting, slicing, and brecciation-the Alpine Fault Zone. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. The way the waves are reflected and transmitted tells much about the rocks and structures near the fault. [1] The Southern Alps have been uplifted on the fault over the last 12 million years in a series of earthquakes. Where will the next earthquake centred on the Alpine Fault begin? Source: BBC Horizon (no audio) Alpine Fault Geology. Current research includes: Keith Machin, Teaching Fellow at the University of Canterbury, helped visiting Swiss scientists study the Alpine Fault. Researchers are studying the Alpine Fault to investigate past earthquakes, mountain formation and the structure of the Earth’s crust. Travelers talk about “tectonic plates” (5 reviews) “fault line” (4 reviews) “continental plates” (3 reviews) Improve This Listing. [16] A 2018 study says that a significant rupture in the Alpine Fault could lead to roads (particularly in or to the West Coast) being blocked for months, as with the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake, with problems in supplying towns and evacuating tourists. This method can even indicate rocks rich in high-pressure water, the source of hot springs like those at Hanmer Springs. A transform (oceanic) or strike-slip (continental) fault is one where the relative motion is horizontal. She then worked as a research associate professor in geology and associate dean (international) in the Division of Sciences at the University of Otago. Type: Full-length Release date: November 11th, 2011 Catalog ID: N/A Label: Independent Format: CD Reviews: None yet Songs; Lineup; Reviews; Additional notes; 1. Scroll down to discover how! The fault plane is usually vertical and can be horizontal. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape. [27] It was led by New Zealand geologists Rupert Sutherland, John Townsend and Virginia Toy and involves an international team from New Zealand, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. THE ALPINE FAULT ZONE For certain types of reports and certain structural problems, it is advisable to try to identify the Alpine Fault plane as accurately as possible and to fix its position in the field. The eroded material has formed the Canterbury Plains. The Alpine Fault is the dominant structure defining the Australian-Pacific plate boundary in the South Island of New Zealand. What information is revealed? The surface rupture has extended into the north section of the fault as far as the Haupiri River area, which is 25 km northeast of the Alpine Fault junction with the Hope Fault. [2], The fault zone is exposed at numerous locations along the West Coast and typically comprises a 10-50 m wide fault gouge zone with pervasive hydrothermal alteration. This short documentary is included in the Iraena's Ashes Digipack. New Zealand is part of Zealandia, a microcontinent nearly half the size of Australia that broke away from the Gondwanan supercontinent about 83 million years ago. These large earthquakes don’t happen very often – the last one was nearly 300 years ago. The Australian plate is sliding horizontally towards the north-east, at the same time as the Pacific plate is pushing up, forming the Southern Alps. [27] The DFDP was the second project to try to drill an active fault zone and return samples after the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth. [30] [31] One of the lead researchers said that it is likely to be globally unique. When tectonic forces overcome this locking, the fault slips, jumping up to a distance of 8 metres at a time. [23] Wellman also proposed in 1964 that the Alpine Fault was a Cenozoic structure, which was in conflict with the older Mesozoic age accepted at the time. The mountains are rising at 7 millimetres a … In this paper, we investigate the timing and mineralization depths of AFZ clay mineralization using eight fault gouge … This is unlike the North Island boundary, where a subduction zone is under water off the east coast. Earthquakes along the fault, and the associated earth movements, have formed the Southern Alps. Canterbury in New Zealand is the portion of the South Island to the east of the Southern Alps, from the Waiau River in the north, to the Waitaki River in the south. Into the Night 05:10 Show lyrics (loading lyrics...) 2. [2] The last major earthquake on the Alpine Fault was in c. 1717 AD, the probability of another one occurring within the next 50 years is estimated at about 30 percent. [20] [21], In 1940 Harold Wellman found that the Southern Alps were associated with a fault line approximately 650 km (400 miles) long. 25 Reviews 1 Q&A. Tours are 2.5 hours, and require walking. During the second phase of the Alpine Fault, Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP) in the Whataroa River, South Westland, New Zealand, bedrock was encountered in the DFDP-2B borehole from 238.5–893.2 m Measured Depth (MD). It is a dextral strike-slip fault with a component of uplift to the northwest as expressed by the Rimutaka Range. It had a maximum perceived intensity of VII (severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. You can pick out the line of the Alpine Fault on this satellite image of the South Island. 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