In addition, echinacea plants contain compounds called alkamides, which can further enhance antioxidant activity. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Monitor therapy.83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, Etoposide: Echinacea may increase the serum concentration of etoposide. Echinacea oil primarily to apply to the wounds or abrasions directly. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid) is an organic compound and a potent antioxidant. Echinacea is best known for its beneficial effects on the immune system. Avoid use with known hypersensitivity to plants of the Asteraceae/Compositae family. Britton, Echinacea purpurea (L.) MoenchCommon Name(s): American coneflower, Black Sampson, Black Susan, Comb flower, Echinacea, Echinaceawurzel, Hedgehog, Igelkopfwurzel, Indian head, Kansas snakeroot, Narrow-leaved purple coneflower, Purple coneflower, Purpursonnenhutkraut, Racine d'echininacea, Radix Echinaceae, Rock-up-hat, Roter sonnenhut, Scurvy root, Snakeroot, Sonnenhutwurzel. A major limitation reported in meta-analyses of available trial data was the lack of standardization of echinacea preparations. However, human-based research is often limited. Research on echinacea suggests that it offers several impressive health benefits. Echinacea is a group of flowering plants used as a popular herbal remedy. In fact, a review of 14 studies found that taking echinacea may lower the risk of developing colds by more than 50% and shorten the duration of colds by one and a half days (11). It makes it easier to get the right dose that way as well. Always start with a very tiny dose first and see how your body responds. In short, while echinacea may boost immunity, its effects on the common cold are unclear. Specific case reports of interactions are limited, although one report describes an interaction with etoposide. Product information Echinacea tincturewitApplication and operationDue to the European legislation on health claims we are not allowed to make any statements about the application and functioning of this valuable herbal product. As echinacea appears to stimulate the immune system, people with autoimmune disorders or people taking immunosuppressive drugs should avoid it or consult their doctors first (3). References J.A. That said, there aren’t many products like echinacea with similar potential immune-boosting effects, so it might be worth trying it out. In vitro and animal studies are ongoing.28, 29, Clinical studies have been conducted largely in healthy adults10, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 or to investigate echinacea's potential in preventing or treating specific infections (see Infections/Antimicrobial Effects section).4, 27 Effects such as enhanced macrophage function, stimulation of cytokine production (including certain interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha), enhanced natural killer cell function, and increased mean circulating total white blood cell counts have been demonstrated; however, the impact of these effects on clinical outcomes has not been established.4, 27, 36 Reviews note that overt stimulation of immune functions is not without potential for harm4, 27; a case report of potential activation of autoimmune disease (Sjogren syndrome) with echinacea use exists.37, Antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral (herpes simplex virus, HIV, and influenza) properties have been studied in vitro4, 38, 39, 40, 41; however, widespread traditional use of echinacea for infections, especially for the common cold, and the availability of clinical trial data make animal data mostly irrelevant.7, According to a Cochrane review of quality clinical trials (conducted up to mid 2013) evaluating echinacea products in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, only 1 of 7 studies showed a reduction in duration of infection.7 A pooled analysis was not conducted due to the strong clinical heterogeneity of the studies, which made definitive statements about effects difficult.7, 42 In a clinical trial investigating the effect of echinacea on the severity and recurrence of genital herpes, no difference was observed when compared with placebo.43 A placebo effect was reported in a clinical study using echinacea for treating upper respiratory tract infections,44 and another clinical study suggested an increased risk of disease in echinacea-treated children with otitis media.45, Published reviews of echinacea for infection prevention should be considered separately from those evaluating its role in infection treatment, as prophylactic administration occurs prior to symptom onset and for a longer duration.7, 46 A Cochrane review of quality clinical trials (N = 4,631), including trials published up to mid 2013, evaluating echinacea products in the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections showed a nonsignificant trend in favor of echinacea as prophylaxis; however, the effect size was of limited clinical relevance (10% to 20% relative risk [RR] reduction).7 In a meta-analysis of 6 clinical studies (N = 2,458 patients), 4 evaluating echinacea and 2 evaluating other supplements, the risk for recurrent respiratory infections was reduced with echinacea (RR, 0.649; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.545 to 0.774; P < 0.0001).46, The literature includes limited studies evaluating the effects of echinacea on exercise enhancement in animals; however, studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of echinacea have led to supplementation of horse feeds with echinacea products.47, Studies in athletes did not demonstrate enhanced performance or change in hemoglobin concentration with echinacea 8,000 mg daily over 6 weeks.48, 49, 50, According to a consensus statement, there is a lack of evidence supporting use of echinacea in athletes to maintain immune health.36, Chicoric acid extracted from E. purpurea was protective against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in mice.51, Extracts of the flowering parts of echinacea demonstrated antitussive and bronchodilatory effects in rodents.52, Effects on adipogenesis occurred in vitro, suggesting that extracts of echinacea may have a role in treating obesity or diabetes.53, A major limitation reported in meta-analyses of available trial data was the lack of standardization of echinacea preparations. A dropperful (which looks like half a dropperful) is about 25 drops of tincture. It may even have anti-cancer properties. Although it’s commonly used to treat the common cold, results in this area are mixed. Echinacea is also contraindicated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, leukosis, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. Despite low levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in echinacea,3, 6 limited case reports describe acute cholestatic hepatitis related to supplementation with echinacea in adults,77, 78 and acute liver failure in a child after 2 weeks of supplementation (total daily echinacea dose of 100.7 mg/day).79 Patients with hepatic impairment should use echinacea with caution. Several studies have shown that echinacea can reduce the risk of infection by more than 50%! These include alkamides, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid (18). 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